译（四十）-Python获取程序运行时间

MWHLS • 2021/12/25 pm8:39 • Python, 计算机语言

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如何获取 Python 程序的执行时间？

How do I get time of a Python program\'s execution?

如何获取 Python 程序的执行时间？

john2x asked:
- 我有一个命令行形式的 Python 任务需要运行，如何确定它运行完成的具体耗时呢？
- 我找到了 timeit 模块，但它好像只适合用于短的代码，可我希望能获取整个程序的运行时间。

Answers:

rogeriopvl - vote: 2444
Python 中最简单的方式：

import time
start_time = time.time()
main()
print("--- %s seconds ---" % (time.time() - start_time))

假定你的程序要花费至少十分一秒来运行。
输出：
```
--- 0.764891862869 seconds ---
```
PaulMcG - vote: 237
我用的是 timing.py 模块，把它放在 site-packages 包里，然后在自己模块插入 import timing 就能用了：

import atexit
from time import clock

def secondsToStr(t):
  return "%d:%02d:%02d.%03d" % \
      reduce(lambda ll,b : divmod(ll[0],b) + ll[1:],
          [(t*1000,),1000,60,60])

line = "="*40
def log(s, elapsed=None):
  print line
  print secondsToStr(clock()), '-', s
  if elapsed:
      print "Elapsed time:", elapsed
  print line
  print

def endlog():
  end = clock()
  elapsed = end-start
  log("End Program", secondsToStr(elapsed))

def now():
  return secondsToStr(clock())

start = clock()
atexit.register(endlog)
log("Start Program")

如果希望获取特定程序的用时的话，可以调用 timing.log 来显示。不过只使用 import timing 只会输出开始与结束时间，以及总用时（请忽略有点乱的 secondsToStr 函数，它只是用来把浮点数转为 hh:mm:ss.sss 的格式）。
注：以上代码的 Python 3 版本见这里以及这里。
steveha - vote: 221
在 Linux 或 Unix 中可以这样：
```
$ time python yourprogram.py
```
对于 Windows，可见 StackOverflow 问题： How do I measure execution time of a command on the Windows command line?（Windows如何确定命令行执行时间）
- 译者注：为了写这篇文章，我把上面提到的文章也翻译了：译（三十九）-Windows获取命令行运行时间
获得更臃肿的输出：

$ time -v python yourprogram.py
  Command being timed: "python3 yourprogram.py"
  User time (seconds): 0.08
  System time (seconds): 0.02
  Percent of CPU this job got: 98%
  Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:00.10
  Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
  Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
  Average stack size (kbytes): 0
  Average total size (kbytes): 0
  Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 9480
  Average resident set size (kbytes): 0
  Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
  Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 1114
  Voluntary context switches: 0
  Involuntary context switches: 22
  Swaps: 0
  File system inputs: 0
  File system outputs: 0
  Socket messages sent: 0
  Socket messages received: 0
  Signals delivered: 0
  Page size (bytes): 4096
  Exit status: 0

How do I get time of a Python program\'s execution?

john2x asked:
- I have a command line program in Python that takes a while to finish. I want to know the exact time it takes to finish running.
  我有一个命令行形式的 Python 任务需要运行，如何确定它运行完成的具体耗时呢？
- I\'ve looked at the timeit module, but it seems it\'s only for small snippets of code. I want to time the whole program.
  我找到了 timeit 模块，但它好像只适合用于短的代码，可我希望能获取整个程序的运行时间。
Answers:
- rogeriopvl - vote: 2444
- The simplest way in Python:
  Python 中最简单的方式：
- ```
import time
start_time = time.time()
main()
print("--- %s seconds ---" % (time.time() - start_time))
```
- This assumes that your program takes at least a tenth of second to run.
  假定你的程序要花费至少十分一秒来运行。
- Prints:
  输出：
- ```
--- 0.764891862869 seconds ---
```
- PaulMcG - vote: 237
- I put this timing.py module into my own site-packages directory, and just insert import timing at the top of my module:
  我用的是 timing.py 模块，把它放在 site-packages 包里，然后在自己模块插入 import timing 就能用了：
- ```
import atexit
from time import clock

def secondsToStr(t):
  return "%d:%02d:%02d.%03d" % \
      reduce(lambda ll,b : divmod(ll[0],b) + ll[1:],
          [(t*1000,),1000,60,60])

line = "="*40
def log(s, elapsed=None):
  print line
  print secondsToStr(clock()), '-', s
  if elapsed:
      print "Elapsed time:", elapsed
  print line
  print

def endlog():
  end = clock()
  elapsed = end-start
  log("End Program", secondsToStr(elapsed))

def now():
  return secondsToStr(clock())

start = clock()
atexit.register(endlog)
log("Start Program")
```
- I can also call timing.log from within my program if there are significant stages within the program I want to show. But just including import timing will print the start and end times, and overall elapsed time. (Forgive my obscure secondsToStr function, it just formats a floating point number of seconds to hh:mm:ss.sss form.)
  如果希望获取特定程序的用时的话，可以调用 timing.log 来显示。不过只使用 import timing 只会输出开始与结束时间，以及总用时（请忽略有点乱的 secondsToStr 函数，它只是用来把浮点数转为 hh:mm:ss.sss 的格式）。
- Note: A Python 3 version of the above code can be found here or here.
  注：以上代码的 Python 3 版本见这里以及这里。
- steveha - vote: 221
- In Linux or Unix:
  在 Linux 或 Unix 中可以这样：
- ```
$ time python yourprogram.py
```
- In Windows, see this StackOverflow question: How do I measure execution time of a command on the Windows command line?
  对于 Windows，可见 StackOverflow 问题： How do I measure execution time of a command on the Windows command line?（Windows如何确定命令行执行时间）
  - 译者注：为了写这篇文章，我把上面提到的文章也翻译了：译（三十九）-Windows获取命令行运行时间
- For more verbose output,
  获得更臃肿的输出：
- ```
$ time -v python yourprogram.py
  Command being timed: "python3 yourprogram.py"
  User time (seconds): 0.08
  System time (seconds): 0.02
  Percent of CPU this job got: 98%
  Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:00.10
  Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
  Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
  Average stack size (kbytes): 0
  Average total size (kbytes): 0
  Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 9480
  Average resident set size (kbytes): 0
  Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
  Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 1114
  Voluntary context switches: 0
  Involuntary context switches: 22
  Swaps: 0
  File system inputs: 0
  File system outputs: 0
  Socket messages sent: 0
  Socket messages received: 0
  Signals delivered: 0
  Page size (bytes): 4096
  Exit status: 0
```