译(三十二)-Python删除字典元素

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删除字典元素

  • richzilla asked:

    • 如何在Python的字典中删除一个元素?
    • 此外,如果我希望获得一个修改后的新字典,并且原字典还是未修改的样子,应该怎么办?
  • Answers:

    • Greg Hewgill - vote: 2142

    • del 语句可以删除元素:

    • del d[key]

    • 但这会改变已有的字典,即,这会使得该字典在其它地方也会变成修改后的字典。为了返回字典,需要copy字典:

    • def removekey(d, key):
        r = dict(d)
        del r[key]
        return r
    • dict()构造函数是浅复制,深复制见:copy module

    • 需要注意,对于字典删除/分配的copy,都意味着算法的时间从常量时间变成线性时间,同时也占用了线性大小的空间。对于小字典来说,这并不是问题。但当这个重复copy操作出现在大字典中时,你可能需要一个不同的数据结构,例如HAMT(见此回答

    • Crystal - vote: 390

    • pop 会改变字典。

    • >>> lol = {hello: gdbye} 
      >>> lol.pop(hello)
         'gdbye' 
      >>> lol
         {}`
    • 如果想要保留原来的,就copy字典后再操作。

    • utdemir - vote: 101

    • 我觉得你的解决方法的确有效。但如果你希望用其它方式解决,可以试试创建一个新字典,把不需要的键排除在外即可:

    • >>> a
      {0: 'zero', 1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
      >>> {i:a[i] for i in a if i!=0}
      {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}`

Delete an element from a dictionary

  • richzilla asked:

    • Is there a way to delete an item from a dictionary in Python?
      如何在Python的字典中删除一个元素?
    • Additionally, how can I delete an item from a dictionary to return a copy (i.e., not modifying the original)?
      此外,如果我希望获得一个修改后的新字典,并且原字典还是未修改的样子,应该怎么办?
  • Answers:

    • Greg Hewgill - vote: 2142

    • The del statement removes an element:
      del 语句可以删除元素:

    • del d[key]

    • Note that this mutates the existing dictionary, so the contents of the dictionary changes for anybody else who has a reference to the same instance. To return a new dictionary, make a copy of the dictionary:
      但这会改变已有的字典,即,这会使得该字典在其它地方也会变成修改后的字典。为了返回字典,需要copy字典:

    • def removekey(d, key):
        r = dict(d)
        del r[key]
        return r
    • The dict() constructor makes a shallow copy. To make a deep copy, see the copy module.
      dict()构造函数是浅复制,深复制见:copy module

    • Note that making a copy for every dict del/assignment/etc. means you\'re going from constant time to linear time, and also using linear space. For small dicts, this is not a problem. But if you\'re planning to make lots of copies of large dicts, you probably want a different data structure, like a HAMT (as described in this answer).
      需要注意,对于字典删除/分配的copy,都意味着算法的时间从常量时间变成线性时间,同时也占用了线性大小的空间。对于小字典来说,这并不是问题。但当这个重复copy操作出现在大字典中时,你可能需要一个不同的数据结构,例如HAMT(见此回答

    • Crystal - vote: 390

    • pop mutates the dictionary.
      pop 会改变字典。

    • >>> lol = {hello: gdbye} 
      >>> lol.pop(hello)
         'gdbye' 
      >>> lol
         {}`
    • If you want to keep the original you could just copy it.
      如果想要保留原来的,就copy字典后再操作。

    • utdemir - vote: 101

    • I think your solution is best way to do it. But if you want another solution, you can create a new dictionary with using the keys from old dictionary without including your specified key, like this:
      我觉得你的解决方法的确有效。但如果你希望用其它方式解决,可以试试创建一个新字典,把不需要的键排除在外即可:

    • >>> a
      {0: 'zero', 1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
      >>> {i:a[i] for i in a if i!=0}
      {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}`

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